A lack of action on long-standing issues coupled with recent societal disruptions has led to growing tensions and challenges between graduate students and postdoctoral scholars and the faculty and institutions that are meant to train them. Building on relevant reports and projects, this national action-focused summit, was held July 22-23, 2025 by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. The summit highlighted changes in learning environments, skills acquisition, and the roles and responsibilities of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars while exploring proposed approaches and effective practices around changing the nature of mentorship, providing awareness of career pathways, and right-sizing the quantity of postdoctoral scholars in service of ensuring a robust U.S. research talent base. 

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